Watch out when upgrading the firmware on the frsky X8R receiver – if you update to a 2015 EU or LBT firmware, the internal XJT module of the taranis radio must be upgraded as well, or it will fail to bind.
Instead of upgrading my radio’s firmware, I rolled back the X8R to version 150115, which works. At some point in the future, I will upgrade all of my radios.
Also note, that when flashing firmware with frsky_update_Sport.exe, you must load the file and let the program start scanning before plugging in the X8R, or it will not find the receiver. It sounds like the receiver is only looks for a programmer very briefly on startup.